Turbulence is becoming increasingly severe, and it's getting worse. Would it be better if planes looked more like birds? The answer might lie in the fascinating intersection of climate change, bird behavior, and aviation safety. Here's a breakdown of the issue and some potential solutions.
The Problem: Turbulence on the Rise
Severe clear-air turbulence, invisible and unpredictable, is becoming more frequent due to climate change. This type of turbulence can cause injuries, as evidenced by the incident on Air Canada Flight AC33 in 2019, where 37 people were injured. The problem is expected to worsen, with severe turbulence potentially doubling over North America, the North Pacific, and Europe if emissions aren't reduced.
The Science: Climate Change and Turbulence
Paul Williams, a meteorologist, explains that climate change affects temperature patterns in the upper atmosphere, between 35,000 and 40,000 feet. The jet stream, a strong wind current where planes fly, is warming faster near the equator than near the poles. This creates wind shear, increasing with altitude, which leads to clear-air turbulence.
Research shows a significant increase in severe clear-air turbulence over the North Atlantic and North America since 1979.
The Challenge: Predicting Turbulence
Clear-air turbulence is invisible and difficult to detect with onboard equipment, making it hard for pilots to avoid. Traditional computer models struggle to capture the small-scale eddies that cause turbulence, hindering accurate predictions. However, scientists are making progress, with forecasting algorithms improving due to better satellite observations and a deeper understanding of turbulence formation.
Looking to Nature: Birds as Inspiration
Aimy Wissa, an aerospace engineer, draws inspiration from birds to improve aviation safety. Her research focuses on how bird feathers can enhance plane stability in turbulent conditions. By studying covert feathers, which provide extra lift, Wissa and her team attached plastic flaps to small planes, demonstrating improved stability and control during stalls.
Practical Solutions: Seatbelts and Awareness
While technological advancements are crucial, simple measures can significantly impact safety. Paul Williams emphasizes the importance of seatbelt use, noting that almost no injuries occur among passengers who wear their seatbelts. Linda Woodhouse and Luke Wheeldon, who experienced a traumatic turbulence event, now prioritize seatbelt use and reflect on the emotional impact of such incidents.
Conclusion: A Collective Effort
Addressing severe turbulence requires a multi-faceted approach. While researchers like Wissa explore nature-inspired solutions, pilots and passengers must prioritize safety measures like seatbelt use. As climate change continues to impact weather patterns, the aviation industry and society must work together to adapt and mitigate the risks associated with turbulence.
